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| Development of the Anterior and Posterior Surgical Treatment of Atlanto-axial Instability |
| Nanhua University Affiliated the First People’s Hospital of Chenzhou， Chenzhou 423000， China |
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Abstract Instability of the atlanto-axial complexly caused by inflammatory， trauma， congenital neoplast or degenerative disorders. It was one of considerable challenges to the veterinary surgery and could lead to quadriplegia and even life-threatening. With the increasing level of modern surgical clinics， diagnosis and treatment for instability of the atlanto-axial achieved great progress. A variety of internal fixation methods were invented. Anterior fixation methods prior to passing atlantoaxial screw fixation（ ATS）， anterior plate fixation Currently there transoral atlantoaxial plate （Harms plate）， anterior atlantoaxial joint locking plate（ SAALP）， transoral atlantoaxial reduction plate system（ TARP），transoral anterior reconstruction plate（ TORP）. Posterior technology include Gallie technology and Brooks steel or titanium cable fixation techniques， Halifax or Apofix lamina clip fixation techniques， within Magerl by atlantoaxial facet screw steel or titanium cable joint posterior fixation method， C1- lateral mass and C2 pedicle screw or nail plate screwrod fixation techniques. Atlantoaxial instability in other major surgical include minimally invasive surgery， orthopedics dynamic fixation techniques of digital technology-oriented technology and to maintain atlantoaxial activity. But over several techniques used in experiments or preliminary clinical evaluation of the need for further study are still studying. In this paper， the progress of atlantoaxial instability surgery on reviewed.
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