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Abstract Minimally invasive treatment of upper urinary tract diseases has become a trend. Flexible ureteroscopy has the characteristics of flexible lens body which can active to bend and outstanding control.It can be used to directly observe the whole upper urinary system including ureter， renal pelvis and calices.It has played an indispensable role in diagnosis and treatment of upper urinary diseases，such as upper urinary calculi，unexplained hematuria， upper urinary tract tumor，uretero-pelvic junction obstruction（ UPJO），ureteral-intestine anastomotic stenosis with stones after resection of bladder tumor，etc.
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